HELP: Half of this page (or more) not making sense? Maybe you should check out the Kaskhoruxa Introduction Guide, which provides information for people new to learning languages, constructed or otherwise, using a written self-education website format!

Additionally, you may want to here up on the International Phonetic Alphabet here (for English speakers) , or here , because, on this website, all pronunciations are explained using the IPA system.

DISCLAIMER: Most Kaskhoruxa resources on this server are for use by English-speakers on Human-designed computers.

The navbar has also been changed for this section of the website. Please refer to the navbar for the links to all the main Kaskhoruxa pages.

Kaskhoruxa (known as "Avian" to Humans) is the standardized trade language of the Avian people, created in ancient history by the Ajokona. It is now maintained by a board of linguists and public analysts, with the intent of letting the language evolve slowly as necessary, updating standards according to trends, while also delegitimizing other trends if they might cause older Kashkoruxa texts to become difficult to understand. Over several generations, however, the board has been known to make modernization efforts to translate such old texts into a format that more-closely matches modern Kaskhoruxa, and so the language can enter its next phase of evolution unencumbered.

This then results in many words and customs becoming slang or casual speech, which are barred from technical, historical, and scientific documents, until such major modernization waves occur.

Dating back to ancient history, and earlier (according to some clay tablets), Kaskhoruxa is the oldest constructed language ever known to the Avian people. In order to combat the vast and (mostly) lifeless deserts of Latokeska, a major nomadic tribe likely developed the basics of what would be Kaskhoruxa's ancestor language. The simple markings were probably given to teams of travelers, who then worked to spread the protolanguage to the nearest pockets of forested regions. It is unclear if the language was only learned from tablets, or if a teacher was dispatched to each region to pass on the knowledge directly.

The original protolanguage was likely a simple marking code, which would help previous tribes slash certain patterns into trees, or into slabs of clay, so that later travelers could use the guidance of predecessors for survival. Because of the limited plant life, and oftentimes long seasons between fruition, early Avians were forced to remain nomadic between wooded regions, in order to allow previous locations to regrow after harvest. Failing to stay on the move would often starve out communities, and damage the ecosystem of the local geyser-fed forest. Many tribes which tried to extend underground, where the waterways and fish were found, often suffered heavy losses from incredible seasonal flooding in the tunnel networks. Put simply, using the wisdom left behind by previous travelers in the proto-Kaskhoruxa language, the ancient tribes of the planet had survived the harsh conditions, and pulled through with the first steps toward passing down information to future generations, a key step in creating a thriving culture and society. This early language had saved entire civilizations.

The early Ajokona had worked to preserve the markings, doing what they could to help them stand the test of time. Over many generations, the language had evolved in complexity, likely developing a basic grammar system. By this time, the Ajokona had begun collecting all the preserved information, transferred them onto straw-weave inked tomes, and stored them in clay containers within underground libraries. From these advanced preservation efforts, the Ajokona quickly became a social class, much like monks did among early Human populations. These preservers of texts socially-transitioned from another tribe, to an important organization known and employed by other tribes. It was here that the evolution of Kaskhoruxa accelerated, became more complex, and began resembling more like the language which Avians speak today.

With more complex grammar, a larger lexicon, and a coordinated community, the Avians had experienced a relative information boom. The progression of knowledge was not any more accelerated than that of stone-age Humans, but the Ajokona had allowed tribes across the planet to stop reinventing the wheel after every generation, more-or-less literally. With this newfound grasp of complex information preservation, as well as a way to safely store, transport, and spread it, the many small societies began to open nomadic trade highways, and so the early convoy communities emerged fully. This then left a niche for the Ajokona to fill, now stationary in the villages constructed in the forests. With the growing trade routes, goods could be sent between locations with impressive logistical coordination, allowing for a more stable spread of supplies, making up for food deficits during regrowth seasons, for example.

Eventually, the invention of the printing press allowed for an incredible surge of literacy and further information expansion. Important documents could now be standardized, copied, and distributed across incredible scales. From this, the Ajokona started the roots of their modern lingual moderation board, mass-producing educational texts for a new standard regulated Kaskhoruxa.

After the language trade was fully underway after First Contact, the linguists of Elrand had developed a way to type out Kaskhoruxa on a Human-built keyboard. This was intended as a temporary fix until the Unicode Consortium had implemented all glyphs from the Avian language.

The stress in every two-syllable word is always on the first syllable. In words with three or more syllables, the stress is always on the penultimate syllable.

Accent

The Accent, sometimes called the accent (a derisive slang term), is widely known as the standard accent in which Kaskhoruxa is spoken among scientific, academic, and political communities. It is controversial to say that it is the "correct" way to speak Kaskhoruxa, as some historians of the language claim that vowel shift and some evolution has occurred before, despite the best efforts of the Ajokona to keep it a static language[unconfirmed]. Also, such a claim would alienate massive cross-sections of the Avian population, and suggest a superiority complex among the Ajokona.

Consonants

Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal n
[ n ]
ng
[ ŋ ]
Plosive /
affricate
voiceless t
[ t ~ tʰ ]
c
[ tʃ ]
k
[ k ~ kʰ ]
voiced d
[ d ]
g
[ g ]
ejective tq
[ tʼ ]
kq
[ kʼ ]
Fricative voiceless s
[ s ~ z ]
x
[ ʃ ]
h
[ h ]
voiced z
[ ʒ ]
Approximate l
[ l ]
r
[ ɹ ]
j
[ j ]

Vowels

Front Central Back Alveolar
short long short long long
Close y
[ ɪ ]
i
[ iː ]
u
[ ɯː ]
Mid e
[ e ]
'
[ ə ]
Open aa
[ æ ]
a
[ aː ]
o
[ ɑː ]
Trill rr[1]
[ ə̆rː ]

Accent Notes

[1] The long alveolar trill is considered a vowel, because it never separates two other vowels like a consonant. Instead, it's always seen coming between two consonants, much like a vowel does, and is spoken in a single syllable.

Diphthongs

a e y i o u
a ea
[ ejaː ]
ia
[ iːjaː ]
oa
[ a̩ː ]
ua
[ ɯːa̩ː ]
e ie
[ iːje ]
oe
[ ɑːe̩ ]
ue
[ ɯːe̩ ]
i ei
[ eɪ̯ ]
ii
[ aɪ̯ ]
oi
[ ɑɪ̯ ]
ui
[ ɯi̯ ]
o ao / au
[ aʌ̯ ]
eo
[ eʌ̩ ]
io
[ iːjɑː ]
uo
[ ɯːɑ̩ː ]
u iu
[ iːjɯː ]
ou
[ ɑɯ̯ ]
r ar
[ aː(ɹ) ]
er
[ ɛə(ɹ) ]
yr
[ ɪ(ɹ) ]
ir
[ iː(ɹ) ]
iir
[ aɪ̯jə(ɹ) ]
or
[ ɑː(ɹ) ]
ur
[ ə(ɹ) ]

Heading 4 information.

oh hello there